Toward Decentralized Carbon Trading in Indonesia: A Public-Blockchain Architecture for Tokenized Real-World Assets

Battle Count: 75

This paper is fundamentally about blockchain infrastructure architecture for regulated carbon markets, not about quantitative trading strategies, algorithmic execution, or financial modeling. While it touches on trading mechanisms (auction, negotiated, marketplace) and settlement, it does not address any quantitative trading methodology, pricing models, or trading strategy development. The relevance is tangential at best, limited to the broader context of tokenized asset trading infrastructure.

Implementation would require: (1) authenticated integration with a sovereign national carbon registry (SRUK), (2) compliance with multiple Indonesian regulatory frameworks (Perpres 110/2025, POJK regulations, PADK), (3) smart contract development with ERC-1155/ERC-20 standards and custom compliance logic, (4) identity and eligibility verification infrastructure, (5) custody and wallet management for regulated participants, (6) lifecycle synchronization between on-chain and off-chain states, (7) retirement coordination with authoritative registry, (8) governance structures distributing responsibilities across multiple institutions, (9) regulatory sandbox approval and ongoing supervision, (10) resolution of unresolved legal questions about token rights and transfer finality. The paper itself notes these are 'more fundamental than transaction throughput or blockchain performance.'

The paper is entirely conceptual and architectural. No code, prototypes, simulations, or empirical experiments are provided. The proposed architecture has not been implemented or tested. No production SRUK API access was available. The paper explicitly states it does not estimate economic or environmental effects. Reproduction would require building the entire system from scratch with institutional access to SRUK, IDXCarbon, and regulatory approval.